The SmurfsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe Smurfs (Les Schtroumpfs in original) are a fictional group of small sky blue blue creatures who live somewhere in the forests of medieval Europe. The Belgian cartoonist Peyo introduced Smurfs to the world in a series of comic strips, but English-speakers perhaps know them best through the animated television series from Hanna-Barbera Productions, The Smurfs. For a list of specific smurfs see Major characters in The Smurfs and Minor characters in The Smurfs. History"Johan & Pirlouit"Peyo wrote a Franco-Belgian comics serial in Le Journal de Spirou called "Johan & Pirlouit" (translated to English as Johan and Peewit). The setting lies in the Middle Ages in Europe. Johan serves as a brave young page to the king, and Peewit (pronounced Pee-Wee) functions as his faithful, if boastful and cheating, midget sidekick. On October 23, 1958, Peyo introduced a new set of characters to the "Johan & Pirlouit" story. This alone caused no great excitement, as the brave duo constantly encountered strange new people and places. This time, they had the mission of recovering a Magic Flute, which required some sorcery by the wizard Homnibus. And in this manner, they met a tiny, blue-skinned humanoid creature in white clothing called a schtroumpf, followed by his numerous peers who looked just like him, with an elderly leader who wore red clothing and a beard. The characters proved to be a huge success, and the first independent smurf stories appeared in Spirou in 1959, together with the first merchandising. With the commercial success of The Smurf empire came the merchandising empire of Smurf miniatures, models, games, and toys. Entire collecting clubs devote themselves to collecting PVC Smurfs. Schtroumpf/Smurf origins
According to Peyo, the word came to him as he asked André Franquin for salt during lunch and, struggling to find the word that eluded him, finally managed to say "passe-moi le schtroumpf" ("pass me the smurf").[1] It would later be translated into nearly 30 languages and, in some of those languages, "schtroumpf" became "smurf" (see The Smurfs in other languages). The word "smurf" was first used in Dutch, as the comics were simultaneously published in French (in Spirou magazine) and Dutch (in Robbedoes, the Dutch translation of the magazine). In several interviews in the early 1960s, Peyo stated that the Smurfs was his favourite series, but later his own preference went to his "Johan & Pirlouit" series, and he sometimes expressed exasperation with the overbearing success of the Smurfs. Albums This is the list of the original French-language comic issues. Some of them are anthologies of several stories.
Albums made after the death of Peyo, with help from his son :
Smurf UniverseThe SmurfsThe storylines tend to be simple tales of bold adventure. The cast has a simple structure as well: almost all the characters look essentially alike — male, very short (just "three apples tall"), with blue skin, white trousers with a hole for their short tails, white hat in the style of a Phrygian cap, and some additional accessory that identifies each one's personality. (For instance, Handy Smurf wears overalls instead of the standard trousers, a brimmed hat, and a pencil above his ear). Smurfs can walk and run, but often move by skipping on both feet. They love to eat smilax leaves, whose berries the smurfs naturally call smurfberries. The male Smurfs almost never appear without their hats, which leaves a mystery amongst the fans as to whether they have hair or not. The animated series canon state that they may be bald: one episode of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon has Greedy Smurf removing his chef's hat to give Papa Smurf a pie he had concealed under it, revealing a bald head. Another episode, St. Smurf and the Dragon, shows Hefty Smurf's hat rising up off his bald head briefly as he and others slide to a stop. Both Papa Smurf and Grandpa Smurf have full beards and hair visibly coming from under their hats above the earline. In The Smurfs and the Magic Flute, a Smurf took off his hat briefly for a polite gesture. In the comics, the last page of first album Les Schtroumpfs noirs (The Black Smurfs) shows Papa Smurf's hat blown off by an explosion, revealing his completely bald head (which may simply be due to old age). In Le Schtroumpfeur de Bijoux (The Jewel Smurfer), Jokey Smurf gets very angry and defensive when a human tells him he should take off his hat. The smurfs fulfill simple archetypes of everyday people: Lazy Smurf, Grouchy Smurf, Brainy Smurf, and so on. All smurfs but Papa, Baby, Nanny and Grandpa are said to be 100 years old, and there are normally 100 smurfs (but this number increases as new smurf characters appear: smurflings, Nanny, etc). For a list of specific smurfs see Major characters in The Smurfs and Minor characters in The Smurfs. Smurf languageA characteristic of the smurf language is the frequent use of the word "smurf" and derivatives of it in a variety of meanings. The smurfs replace enough nouns and verbs in everyday speech with smurf as to make their conversations barely understandable: "We're going smurfing on the River Smurf today." It was implied a number of times that the smurfs all understood each other due to subtle variations in intonation that Johan or PeeWit (or the viewers) could not detect. So that the viewer of the animated series is able to understand the Smurfs, only some words (or a portion of the word) is replaced with the word "smurf". Context offers a reliable understanding of this speech pattern, but common vocabulary includes remarking that something is "just smurfy" or "smurftastic". In Schtroumpf vert et vert Schtroumpf, published in Belgium in 1972, it was revealed that the village was divided between North and South and that the smurfs on either side had different ideas as to whether the term "smurf" should be used as a verb or as a noun: for instance, the northern smurfs call a certain object a "bottle opsmurf", while the southern smurfs call it a "smurf opener". Papa Smurf himself kept out of the argument, having more important things on his mind. But when the conflict led to all-out war he had to resort to desperate measures to restore order. This story is considered as a parody on the taalstrijd (language war) between French (Walloon) and Dutch speaking (Flemish) communities still present in Belgium. Smurf villageThe Smurfs live in houses made from mushrooms or houses that just look like mushrooms (often made of stone), somewhere in the middle of a deep forest. Johan and Peewit would make visits, as well as a number of other forest natives. It is not possible for a human to find the smurf village except when led by a smurf. Other mediaAnimated seriesIn 1965, a black-and-white 90-minute animated film was made about the smurfs, Les Aventures des Schtroumpfs. It consisted of seven short cartoons made in the previous years for diffusion on the Walloon TV and was shown in some cinemas in Belgium. It received little attention, and not much is known about it. At least some of these shorts have been translated in Dutch and German. However, in 1976, La Flûte à six schtroumpfs (an adaptation of the original "Johan and Peewit" story) was released. Michel Legrand provided the musical score to the film. The film would in 1983 be released in the United States (after the animated series became popular there) in an English language dubbed version, produced by Stuart R. Ross in association with First Performance Pictures Corp, and titled The Smurfs and the Magic Flute. The film was distributed theatrically in North America by Atlantic Releasing Corp., on VHS by Vestron and syndicated on television by Tribune Entertainment. A few more long smurf movies were made, most notably The Baby Smurf and Here are the Smurfs,[2] which was later broken into a few episodes of the Hanna-Barbera TV cartoon series. Paramount Pictures has announced it plans to begin a trilogy of 3D computer animated Smurf films, the first to be released in 2008 through its Nickelodeon Films banner. The project had been in various stages of development since 2003. The new movie is planned to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Smurfs. Hanna-Barbera seriesIn 1976, Stuart R. Ross, an American media and entertainment entrepreneur who saw the Smurfs while travelling in Belgium, entered into an agreement with Editions Dupuis and Peyo, acquiring North American and other rights to the characters. Subsequently, Ross launched the Smurfs in the United States in association with a California company, Wallace Berrie and Co., whose figurines, dolls and other Smurf merchandise became a hugely popular success. NBC television executive Fred Silverman's daughter had a Smurf doll of her own, and Silverman thought that a series based on the Smurfs might make a good addition to his Saturday-morning lineup. The Smurfs secured their place in North American pop culture in 1981, when the Saturday-morning cartoon, The Smurfs, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, finally debuted on NBC from 1981 to 1990. The show became a major success for NBC, spawning spin-off television specials on an almost yearly basis. The Smurfs was nominated multiple times for Daytime Emmy awards, and won Outstanding Children's Entertainment Series in 1982–1983. The Smurfs television show enjoyed continued success until 1990, when, after a decade of success, NBC cancelled it due to decreasing ratings. The series currently airs in reruns on Boomerang, and 26 selected episodes were aired in DiC Entertainment's syndicated programming blocks. The series is still being shown regularly on many channels throughout the world. The cartoon was formerly distributed by Television Program Enterprises (the later name of Rysher Entertainment) and WorldVision Enterprises, Inc. by having some episodes with those company names. The cartoon is now distributed by Warner Bros. Television. Warner Bros. has announced its tentative plans to start releasing the complete Smurfs Cartoon series on DVD in the United States in season box sets in 2007 . Voices
Use of classical musicThe Smurfs was noted for its frequent use of classical music as background music or themes for particular events. Notable works found in the Smurfs include:[3]
FigurinesPapa Smurf Dupuis, editor of the Smurf comics, first produced smurf figurines from 1959 on. The first one was a series of three 5 cm tall figurines (Papa, Normal and Angry), followed in the next decade by some larger figurines. Those were only for sale in French- and Dutch-speaking countries. In 1965, Schleich, a German company, made the first truly mass-produced PVC Smurf collectible figurines (the first three being Normal Smurf, Gold Smurf and Convict Smurf (complete with black-and-white striped prisoner's outfit). In 1966, Spy Smurf, Angry Smurf, and Drummer Smurf appeared. In 1969, five more smurfs followed: Moon Smurf, Winter Smurf, Brainy Smurf, Guitar Smurf, and Papa Smurf. In the 1970s, smurfs were also produced by rival German company Bully. The first of these figurines were made as a promotion for Kellogg's, but were afterwards sold separately.[5]
Neither Convict Smurf nor Spy Smurf ever appeared in the animated television series as separate entities, although both spy smurfs and convicted Smurfs played a minor role in the original second issue of the comic, "Le Schtroumpfissime" ("King Smurf"). In this story, Papa Smurf leaves the village and a clever smurf (Brainy in the cartoon) manages to gain power by winning an election through exaggerated election promises, and later turns into a dictator-type king. Jokey Smurf is arrested for having a bomb explode in the megalomaniacal dictator smurf's face and is thrown in jail with the Sing-Sing-type striped outfit. Later, the Spy Smurfs manage to liberate the political prisoner, while Brainy Smurf gets captured in the process. A running gag through the comic is that no-one is interested in liberating Brainy Smurf. For a while advertisers used Smurfs to promote Renault, National Benzol, and BP garages and—in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand at least—the figurines were given away when petrol (gasoline) was purchased. A scare story that claimed Smurf figurines used leaded paint circulated in Britain in the 1970s, leading Jonathan King to release a single, "Lick a Smurp for Christmas (All Fall Down)" under the name of Father Abraphart and the Smurps. This was a parody of "The Smurf Song" by Father Abraham and the Smurfs, a worldwide hit single. The lead paint scare was brought about by a group of people in the marketing department of National Benzole who decided to outsource some smurf figurines to be made in Hong Kong instead of Europe, just four or five different lines. It was later discovered that these had been produced without adhering to the necessary quality standards so they were deemed possibly unsafe. Paint dots were then introduced on the feet of PVC figurines so that they could identify the ones with paint dots as having passed quality control tests and they were also given different colors according to the different countries they were produced in. An article in The Times dated 4 October 1978 said that tests by the Department of Health showed there was no significant risk, so National Benzole then resumed sales of smurf figures from garage forecourts within the UK. Many people do not realise that the Smurf figurines given away with the petrol promotions actually still continue in production today. The popularity of the smurfs in countries such as Belgium and Germany has never waned, and Smurf collecting has become a growing hobby worldwide, with 400 different figures produced so far. New Smurf figures continue to appear: in fact, only in two years since 1969 (1991 and 1998) have no new smurfs entered the market. Schleich's release of 2005 Smurfs sees a return to the "classic" smurf characters, with new figurines of Papa, Smurfette, Grouchy, Brainy, Vanity, Jokey, Harmony, and Baby Smurf. The 2006 Halloween series includes the horror characters Dracula Smurf, Ghost Smurf, Werewolf Smurf, Mummy Smurf, Grim Reaper Smurf, Frankenstein Smurf, Witch Smurfette and Pumpkinhead Smurf, while the 2007 Native American series brings us eight new figures: Canoe Smurf, Spear Smurf, Archer Smurf, Rain Dancer Smurf, Peace Pipe Smurf, Medicine Man Smurf, Indian Smurfette and Chief Smurf. Smurfs on iceFor several years, the Smurfs were the children's act in the Ice Capades travelling ice show; for many years after they were retired from that function, the smurf suits from the show were issued to Ice Capades Chalets, the show's subsidiary chain of ice rinks, lasting until the show was sold to a group of investors led by Dorothy Hamill, and the Chalets were sold to Recreation World. The Smurfette suit in particular had a somewhat different hairstyle from what was portrayed in the Hanna-Barbera cartoons. Smurfs in Theme ParksAround 1984, the Smurfs began appearing in North American theme parks owned by Kings Entertainment. Each park featured a Smurfy attraction and Smurf walk-around figures. (This collection of parks was formerly owned by the Taft Corporation and were sold to Paramount in the early 1990s.) Kings Island At Kings Island near Cincinnati, Ohio, The Smurfs' Enchanted Voyage opened in 1984. It was similar to Disney's "It's A Small World." People would ride in a boat around the world of the Smurfs celebrating the seasons of Winter, Fall, Summer, and Spring. It was removed during the 1991 season. Kings Dominion The earlier Land of the Dooz Mine Train attraction became Smurf Mountain. It was eventually closed to make room for the popular Volcano: The Blast Coaster. Great America Opening in 1987, Smurf Woods features a pint-sized steel coaster, The Blue Streak (now called Rugrats™ Runaway Reptar™). Carowinds In 1984, Carowinds added Smurf Island, which was a children’s play area located on the 1.3-acre island surrounded by the Carolina Sternwheeler. Access to Smurf Island was gained in one of two ways – across the Carolina Sternwheeler and a ramp built on the island side of the boat, or on diesel-powered “Smurf Boats” launched from the area beside Harmony Hall. Children could enjoy two ball crawls and a climbing area complete with ropes, cargo nets, wood platforms, a rope tunnel and a 60-foot tubular slide. Smurf characters roamed the island and led guests to the hidden Smurf village with four Smurf houses that children could enter. Smurf Island was eventually closed, and later demolished to make space for the BORG Assimilator, a Star Trek themed flying roller coaster. The Borg has been running since the beginning of the 2004 season. Canada's Wonderland At Canada's Wonderland near Toronto, Smurf Village opened in 1984. It was a walk-through attraction that had previously been Yogi's Forest since the park opened in 1981. Smurf Village closed in the early 1990s and became an arcade, before being converted into a Candy Store during the 1998 Kidzville make-over. Video gamesThe Smurfs have appeared in video games made for most major game consoles (including Nintendo's NES, Super NES, and Game Boy systems; Atari, Colecovision, Sega's Game Gear, Master System, Mega Drive and Mega CD systems; and the original Sony PlayStation) and for the PC. Unicef advertisementUNICEF advertisement (2005) In 2005, an advertisement
featuring The Smurfs was aired in Belgium in which the smurf village is
annihilated by warplanes
[1]. Designed as a
UNICEF advertisement, and with the approval of the family of the Smurfs'
late creator Peyo, the 25-second episode was shown on the national evening news
after the 9pm timeslot to avoid children seeing it. The scene starts with happy
peaceful Smurfs and butterflies, who are then bombed by warplanes, ending with a
lone Baby Smurf surrounded by prone (presumably dead) Smurfs. The final frame
bears the message: "Don't let war affect the lives of children." It was the
keystone in a fund-raising campaign by UNICEF's Belgian arm to raise €100,000
for the rehabilitation of former
child soldiers in
Burundi and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo—both former Belgian colonies. The episode
was controversial with some children, parents, and concerned citizens. UNICEF
spokesman Philippe Henon had stated that 70% of all feedback was positive.
The Smurfs in other languages
In the arts
Smurfs in pop culture
Trivia
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